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Herbert James Rowse (10 May 1887 – 22 March 1963) was an English architect. Born in Liverpool and a student of Charles Reilly at the Liverpool University School of Architecture, Rowse opened an architectural practice in the city. Although he designed major buildings for other cities, Rowse is best known for his work in Liverpool, including India Buildings, the entrances to and ventilation towers of the Mersey Tunnel ("Queensway"), and the Philharmonic Hall. He designed in a range of styles, from neoclassical to Art Deco, generally with a strong American influence. ==Life and career== Rowse was born at 15 Melling Road, Liverpool, the son of James William Rowse, a builder, and his wife, Sarah Ann, ''née'' Cammack.〔 He was schooled privately, and from 1905 to 1908 he studied at the Liverpool University School of Architecture. The school, under Charles Reilly, was at that time beginning its rise to be the most influential architectural college in the country.〔 Rowse was awarded first-class honours in 1907 and was joint winner of the Holt Travelling Scholarship in Architecture, which took him to Italy and the US.〔 While working in the office of the architect Frank Simon he was admitted to associate membership of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in 1910. Simon won an important Canadian commission in 1912, and Rowse worked in the firm's Winnipeg office in 1913. In June 1914 he returned to Liverpool, establishing his own practice.〔 During the First World War Rowse worked as an architect for the British navy. In July 1918 he married Dorothy (1893–1968), daughter of Thomas and Edith Parry of Crosby. They had two sons and a daughter, born between 1925 and 1933. After the war Rowse resumed his civilian practice with a commission for the Fairrie sugar refinery in Liverpool.〔 In 1923 he entered an open competition for the design of India Buildings, a large development in the financial and administrative centre of Liverpool. The assessor was Giles Gilbert Scott; Rowse's design won, beating those by the architects of the Port of London Authority building, Tower Hill (Sir Edwin Cooper); the Royal Automobile Club, Pall Mall (Mewis and Davis); the Wolseley building, Piccadilly (Curtis Green); and the Cunard Building (Willing and Dodd) and Mersey Docks and Harbour Board building (Arnold Thornley), both at the Pier Head, Liverpool.〔"Liverpool's New Skyscraper – Young Architect's Success", ''The Manchester Guardian'', 21 September 1923, p. 9〕 In Nikolaus Pevsner's series of books ''The Buildings of England'' he and Richard Pollard comment on "Rowse's two great commercial buildings": Rowse's contemporary, the architect H S Goodhart-Rendel, commented, "That an Englishman should have produced single-handed a specimen equal to America's best is undoubtedly gratifying, although the flawless magnificence of Martin's Bank at Liverpool (1926) may evoke in us admiration untinged with affection."〔Stamp, Gavin. ("Charles Reilly and the Liverpool School of Architecture, 1904–1933" ), ''Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians'', Vol 56, No 3, September 1997, pp. 345–348 〕 In 1931 Rowse was appointed architect to the Mersey Tunnel Joint Committee. In a 1996 study of Reilly and his pupils, Joseph Sharples writes: Rowse modified his style for his work on the tunnel, moving away from the American neo-classicism of India Buildings and the bank premises to "a smooth streamlined style with Art Deco ornaments, also American in inspiration."〔 In 1934 the Bauhaus architect Walter Gropius came to see Rowse's work on the tunnel, and praised it.〔 For the ventilation tower at Woodside, on the Cheshire side of the Mersey, Rowse received the Bronze Medal of the RIBA in 1937.〔"Obituary – Mr H. J. Rowse", ''The Times'', 23 March 1963, p. 10〕 In 1932 a young architect, Alwyn Edward Rice, still a pupil of Reilly, designed a speculative modern concert hall as his thesis for his final year at the School of Architecture. The exhibition of his drawings coincided with the destruction by fire of the old Philharmonic Hall in Hope Street. Rowse was commissioned to design a replacement, and he recruited Rice to help him. The building was in Streamline Moderne style.〔Henley and McKernan, p. 209〕 Sharples comments, "the executed design is markedly similar to () thesis, both in the massing of the exterior and the arrangement of the auditorium."〔Sharples, pp. 143–144〕 When the new hall was opened in 1939, ''The Manchester Guardian'' commented, "The magnificent compliment Liverpool has paid to the cause of music in England almost takes one's breath away ... a hall of great size, noble proportions, and up-to-date appointments ... ready to take its place among the most eminent homes of musical culture in this or any other country".〔"Tonight's orchestral test of the hall's acoustics", ''The Manchester Guardian'', 20 June 1939, p. 12〕 Rowse collaborated closely with the sculptor Edmund Thompson, whose work includes the gilded relief panels in the foyers of the Philharmonic Hall,〔 and the incised murals depicting the Muses on the interior walls of the auditorium.〔Larner, Gerald. "Rebirth of the Mersey sound", ''The Times'', 13 September 1995, p. 36〕 For Rowse's Mersey Tunnel, Thompson, with George T Capstick, designed a relief in Art Deco style showing two winged bulls, "symbolic of swift and heavy traffic".〔Pollard and Pevsner, p. 306〕 Rowse's Portland stone ventilation towers for the tunnel are also decorated with sculptures by Thompson and Capstick.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Herbert James Rowse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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